After spending the past decade and more than $200 billion acquiring mines and oilfields from Australia to Argentina, China’s attention is turning to food.
The world’s most populous nation is confronting a harsh reality: For every additional bushel of wheat or pound of beef the world produces, China will need almost half of that to keep its citizens fed.
And in a recognition that it can’t produce enough crops and meat domestically, mainland Chinese and Hong Kong-listed firms spent $12.3 billion abroad on takeovers and investments in food, drink or agriculture last year, the most in at least a decade, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Those purchases included the largest Chinese takeover of a US company when Shuanghui International Holdings Ltd. bought Smithfield Foods Inc. for $7 billion including debt. They are likely to be followed by overseas forays into beef, sheep meat and grain assets, according to the National Australia Bank Ltd.
“These deals have been bound to happen, and I’m actually surprised it didn’t happen sooner,” said Paul Conway, vice chairman of Cargill Inc., one of the four companies that now dominate world food trade. “China will be more integrated into the global commodities system on the agriculture side than they have ever been.”
During China’s explosive economic growth of recent decades, it’s been a pattern of the government to use state-owned enterprises as national champions to lead a charge into strategic industries.
This is what happened with energy security when PetroChina Co. went on a global decade-long $40 billion plus spending spree to acquire oil assets.
Cofco’s Role
China’s emerging champion in food security is Cofco Corp., which controls 90% of China’s wheat imports and has made two acquisitions this year.
It bought controlling stakes in Dutch trader Nidera Holdings BV and Noble Group Ltd. (NOBL)’s agribusiness in the space of two months, paying about $2.8 billion in total.
With Noble’s agribusiness Cofco gained grain elevators in Argentina and sugar mills in Brazil, as well as oilseed crushing plants in China, Ukraine and South Africa. The Nidera purchase gives Cofco a strong platform to produce grain in Brazil, Argentina and central Europe, the Chinese firm said Feb. 28.
Cofco will be “a powerful global agricultural trader and able to procure directly around the world,” Fitch Ratings Ltd. said in an April 3 report.
Food Rivals
The numbers show why. China has 21% of the world’s population with just 9% of its arable land, and an even lesser percentage of fresh water, according to Jefferies Group LLC. Rising incomes are driving demand for more protein-rich food, while domestic output is close to its limits, Abhijit Attavar, an analyst with Jefferies in Singapore, said in an April 15 report.
In the task of feeding China, Cofco will have plenty of competition.
Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Bunge Ltd. and Cargill of the US, as well as France’s Louis Dreyfus Holding BV -- known collectively as the A-B-C-Ds -- control more than 70% of global grain trade, according to Tokyo-based Continental Rice Corp.
Others sensing big opportunities in food include Japan’s Mitsui & Co. The trading house has built a farming and trading network almost from scratch since 2007 and can tap assets on five continents.
Japan’s trading houses have ventured into assets as diverse as Brazil soybean plantations to Thai shrimp farms and US corn silos. The world’s biggest oil trader Vitol Group last year expanded into grains trading by setting up a Singapore desk.
Feeding China
“We’re seeing that driven by SOEs, private enterprises and indeed trading companies from other countries all looking to create supply chains that go from Australia into China and indeed from the Americas and into China as well,” said Patrick Vizzone, regional head of food & agribusiness at National Australia Bank.
Vizzone, who also sits on the board of Cofco unit China Agri-Industries Holdings Ltd., said he sees the potential for Chinese ventures and acquisitions in the grains, oilseeds, mutton and beef industries.
There may be bigger options too.
Margarita Louis-Dreyfus, chairman of her namesake company, has said the commodities unit will be reorganized to prepare itself for a possible stake sale or an initial public offering. That won’t happen in the immediate future, but the company wants to be ready, she said in April.
‘Archaic Fear’
Cofco has no comment on acquisitions, a woman in the company’s media relations office, who asked not to be identified citing company policy, said by phone. Yin Jianhao, Cofco’s official spokesman, didn’t answer four calls to his mobile phone.
“Food security must include imports and without that the global food system doesn’t work,” said Franz Fischler, former EU commissioner of agriculture. “The idea of self sufficiency is almost an archaic fear and China is realizing this.”
Cofco was formed through a series of mergers of state food and animal husbandry companies in the 1950s and is now China’s biggest food company with 60,000 employees. Chairman Ning Gaoning holds an MBA from the University of Pittsburgh and also serves as Cofco’s Communist Party Secretary.
China’s Biggest
Today, the company operates China’s biggest grain storage facilities and owns ports that can process 100 million tons of grain a year.
Outside food, Cofco runs commercial and residential property, tourist resorts, hotels, and financial services that include a commodity futures brokerage, a regional bank, and an insurance venture with London-based Aviva Plc. It has seven listed units.
“Many Chinese SOEs are very uncomfortable with the going out policies and operating in environments they’re not familiar with,” Cargill’s Conway said, referring to China’s efforts to invest overseas. “Cofco, by contrast, has had a lot of their senior managers live and work in the US and they’re quite international. They’re the logical company to go out and acquire assets.”
Bloomberg
