Swiss chocolate makers Barry Callebaut and Lindt & Sprüngli said improving cocoa farmers' income was crucial to ending child labour in the cocoa supply chain.
An estimated 1.56 million children work in cocoa production in West Africa and chocolate makers, under pressure from consumers and investors, are finding it tough to tackle.
Lindt chief executive, Dieter Weisskopf, and Barry Callebaut, CEO Peter Boone, both reiterated their support for the living income differential (LID) at the Reuters Next conference.
The LID is a premium on cocoa beans from top growers Ivory Coast and Ghana that was introduced just over a year ago.
Barry Callebaut, which supplies food groups, is one of the biggest chocolate producers, processing almost a million tonnes of cocoa beans a year, about a fifth of the global volume.
Lindt, which does not publish its volumes, is much smaller.
Child Labour
Barry Callebaut has vowed to eradicate child labour from its supply chain by 2025, which Boone said was an important target to show that the company was tackling the challenge.
"It is a tremendous kind of objective, there is still a lot of work," Boone, who took over as CEO in September, said in an interview, adding it would unleash creativity and action.
"We cannot close our eyes to something which is out there we know should not be part of our supply chain."
Barry Callebaut found just over 21,000 cases of child labour in its supply chain in its financial year to August and uses remediation to resolve them.
"By getting to know more of these farmers, we also know where the risk is and where we have to sit down with them, with the community to make sure it’s not going to happen," he said.
"Child labour is a big issue I'm not happy with, but I try to focus most of my time on just getting the farmers a better income," Boone said, adding the LID was one tool to achieve this, but teaching farmers how to increase their productivity thanks to tree pruning or fertilisers was also essential.
Jeroen Douglas, executive director of the Solidaridad Network which works with small-scale farmers, said the scope for companies to influence price differentials was limited by the long-term arrangements of price setting.
He said the cocoa market and prices were completely controlled by Ivory Coast and Ghana and big financial institutions hedging future volumes of production three years in advance. "They are the ones that are regulating the market. That is the missing angle," Douglas told Reuters in an interview.
"What it boils down to is that the farmers need a larger scale of operation to be successful," he said.
Read more: Cocoa Trader Olam Says New EU Law May Force It To Drop Some Suppliers
Step By Step
Weisskopf said Lindt's farming programme was aimed at improve poverty through yield enhancement, infrastructure programmes and organic fertilising, while farmer training and visits and external verification should help change behaviours.
"It's step by step going forward, but at the end of the day I have to tell you it's a very, very difficult challenge we have here," Weisskopf said.
He said he was ashamed how little the industry had achieved in the last 10-15 years to improve the situation on child labour despite the efforts of NGOs, governments and the industry.
A recent survey by the University of Chicago found that among children in agricultural households in Ivory Coast and Ghana cocoa growing areas, 45% were engaged in child labour.
Weisskopf said it was good all industry players had to pay the LID because it meant nobody had a competitive advantage.
News by Reuters, edited by ESM. For more A-Brands news, click here. Click subscribe to sign up to ESM: European Supermarket Magazine.
